Another passion fruit

Last week I had a message from a person in England, who had been at the Bosque recently on one of the cruise ship tours. He had spotted a passion fruit flower from a distance and wanted to know if I could tell him more about what species it might be. Immediately I thought of the brilliant red flower posted on this blog in weeks past. After seeing the same image, he emphatically stated that what he saw was different. Hum, just to show you, things can get to be complicated when looking a minute botanical differences between plants. Maybe that's what makes for biodiversity. Since exchanging notes with this person, who is an expert on Passiflora, I have kept my eyes open for other species. On the very same day that I discovered the gurania flower, posted below, I spotted these Passiflora flowers almost on the ground. Some buds are, indeed, on the ground, maybe knocked off by an animal, or whatever. It appears to me, as a novice, that this passion fruit plant is different than the one described before. The image isn't the best in the world because it was a cloudy, rainy day and the plant was located well off the trail in a rather inaccessible spot. My impression was that the flower was much redder than the attached image shows. More photographs are on my agenda on a sunnier day. I don't think the plant is going to disappear anytime soon. The vine from which the flowers came must be at least 2 inches thick! It's been there for awhile and I'm sure that I'll be seeing red again. In the meanwhile, I'm sending the image to the Passiflora specialist for his comments.

Gurania

Finding a gurania in bloom in a world of green is about as exciting as running into a flashy passion fruit flower. I discovered this one only two days ago close to the old roundhouse, which was destroyed a few years ago by a falling rubber tree. The plant is a vine belonging to the cucumber family, Cucurbitaceae. There are different species but the ones I've seen seem to be the same. In reality, I've never seen many of them, maybe an average of two or three a year. This flower was only off the ground 12 inches or so but I've seen them high up in the trees. An anonymous reader of the blog remarked that this may be G. eriantha.

Joe Jackson

The Joe Jackson, who visited my Bosque Santa Lúcia isn't to be confused with the Joe Jackson, the famous musician and singer. This Joe Jackson is just as famous, but for his writing ability. To quote his website, "Five-time Pulitzer nominee Joe Jackson is the author of four works of nonfiction and a novel. His nonfiction includes: Leavenworth Train, a finalist for the 2002 Edgar Award for Best Fact Crime; Dead Run: The Shocking Story of Dennis Stockton and Life on Death Row in America, with co-author William F. Burke and an introduction by William Styron; A Furnace Afloat: The Wreck of the Hornet and the Harrowing 4,300-mile of its Survivors; and A World on Fire: A Heretic, an Aristocrat, and the Race to Discover Oxygen, which was released by Viking in October 2005. A first novel, How I Left the Great State of Tennessee and Went on to Better Things, was released in March 2004." Joe's visit to Santarém in October, 2005 was not to market his many publications, but to research historical data for a new book he's writing on Henry Wickham, the Englishman, who "smuggled" the 70,000 rubber tree seeds out of the Amazon. The title of the book, as I understand it, will be The Thief at the End of World. I met Joe through Claúdio and Gil Serique at the Cultura Inglêsa school of English here in Santarém. They invited me to join them for a get together of local authorities, journalists and other people they felt might serve as contacts for the writer. My role was that of making our Bosque Santa Lúcia available for a visit, if he so wished. Indeed, he accepted the invitation and we were off to the Bosque early the next morning. Without saying, I stopped at the top of the hill on the way (at Piquiatuba) to show him where Henry Wickham lived when he first came to live in Santarém. We spent the morning walking the trails of the Bosque, where I introduced him to most of our 200 rubber trees. He must have enjoyed the visit because he wanted to return before leaving Santarém. Unfortunately, his time played out by the time he and Gil got back from Fordlândia, upriver.

Rudolf Schuster

In an earlier post, I wrote about Sam Johnson's visit to the Amazon. Sam was retracing the footsteps of his father (founder of the Johnson Wax Company), who flew down in his own plane in 1935. Another famous person revisiting his father's exploits in Brazil was Rudolf Schuster, whose father had come here in 1927, to produce the first documentary film made in Slovakia. Rudolf made several visits to Brazil over the years as a writer and film maker. He wrote several books on his travels, one of which he gave me when he visited Bosque Santa Lúcia on August 14, 2001. The book, which I still have, is Selva Brasileira - Expedição Schuster II, published in 1991. The attached image is taken from the volume. I knew that an important VIP was visiting the Bosque that day because the federal police had called me to their headquarters to work out an itinerary for Schuster, then president of Slovakia. He was traveling with his wife, son and daughter, two consuls, two security guards from his own country, plus Brazilian federal police officers. I think his original plan had been to visit Belterra that day but someone had tipped him off about the Bosque, knowing that he was more interested in flora and fauna of the Amazon. Indeed that was the case. He and his escorts were loaded with all kinds of cameras and he rarely ever stopped using them. As I remember it, he spend nearly three hours with me on the trails of the forest. I suspect that some of the film footage has been included in his follow up books and documentaries on the Amazon. When he published Selva Brasileira in 1991, he had already published 15 books, plus an untold number of film and radio documentaries.

Alice Stein

Other than my immediate family, no other person has contributed so greatly to Bosque Santa Lúcia as Alice Stein, journalist, photographer and editor from Buffalo, New York. Alice and her husband, Robert Stein (now retired professor of biology at New York State University), joined me for a three-day riverboat tour in the Santarém region in the late 1980s, or early 90s. So long ago, as a matter of fact, I can't remember the year. After picking them up at the airport we went directly to our leased riverboat, B/M Lajana, waiting for us in front of the city. I'll never forget their expression of surprise when they discovered that it was a private tour just for them. The trip must have whetted their appetite for the Amazon because the next year they were back, this time for a tour of 7 days. So it went over the next 3-4 years, every trip becoming more of an expedition. Regular crew members on these outings were Captain Domingos and Sebastião Santos (Sabá), who later became Alice's right hand man at Bosque. Eventually, we moved our base of operation to the Bosque, mainly because we had explored everything on the regional river system. There was also the question of increasing fuel costs and boat rentals, which have made private tours rather expensive. Although Robert was unable to join us very often at the Bosque, Alice continued to return for several years in a row. She always stayed with Raimundo and Filha Teixeira at their modest abode across the road from the Bosque land. Sleeping was in a hammock, the same that she had always used on the riverboat. Her room was so small, she could easily reach out from the hammock for any object in the room. Her electric blanket was the family cat, which never missed the opportunity for companionship. Electricity was unheard of in this village, so she sacked out early, as we say, with the chickens. Likewise, she and Sabá were up early with the hungry chickens and the family parrots. After a meager breakfast they were off to explore the forest, where the primary objective was that of photography. For a woman in her 70s, there was nothing too difficult to photograph, even if it meant crawling like a snake through the brush. Over several visits, Alice amassed a fantastic collection of slides of flora and fauna, including an untold variety of butterflies. Several collections were donated to ICBS (Instituto Cultural Boanerges Sena) here in Santarém. Cristovam Sena has transferred most of them to digitalized images, which are available to researchers and the public in general. Alice also provided a grant to ICBS for the publication of a booklet entitled Bosque Santa Lúcia. Between visits to Santarém, Alice is as busy as a bee conducting environmental education lectures and slide shows on the Amazon to private and public schools in the Buffalo school district. Taking advantage of these contacts, she receives boxes of nearly new tennis shoes, which are donated to the kids at the Pastoral do Menor program here. There have also been some right-out money donations from the school kids in New York to help build a new school at Poço Branco, the village next to Bosque Santa Lúcia. Even though age and difficult traveling conditions have prevented Alice Stein from returning to Santarém over the last three years, she continues to support the cause of a surviving Amazon. Let's hear it for a friend, Alice Stein.

Lots for sale

Over the years I've had nightmares thinking about the possibility of the farm lands around Bosque Santa Lúcia being subdivided into residential lots. Think about it! A small forest reserve of 270 acres surrounded by spreading suburbia. A few days ago I nearly had a heart attack when I spotted this sign marking the outer limits of a subdivision called Planalto. The land is right across the road (really more of a trail) separating the Bosque from a large piece of land that goes all the way back to the federal highway, BR-163, three kilometers away. When we started the Bosque back in 1981, all of this land was occupied by small subsistence farmers eking out a living in an area without any amenities, not even a passable road during the rainy season. The owners of the two homesteads annexing the Bosque were anxious to sell their properties to me for next to nothing. Both ended up moving into the city and I think they would have accepted any offer in order to sell their places. Eventually the lands were bought up by a local politician, who deforested the lands to plant soybeans and rice. All the local people in the area suspected that he would eventually subdivide the area whenever electricity became available. It is more than coincidental that just as the power line is being built, this sign shows up. The neighbor's relatives deny that a subdivision is being planned. Another neighbor says that the Planalto subdivision is another one that begins south of BR-163 Highway. I'm still very suspicious because I see some stakes placed out in the field! Hum.

Exotics classified at the Bosque

Exotics

ID/Common Name/Genus/Specie/Family

EX 1.0 Abacate/Avocado Persea americana Lauraceae

EX 1.1 Acerola/Pará cherry Malpighia punicifolia Malpighiaceae
EX 1.2 Azeitona/Olive Eugenia jambolano Myrtaceae
EX 1.21 Babosa Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae
EX 1.3 Banana Musa sp. Musaceae
EX 1.4 Café/Coffee/ beirão Coffea sp. Rubiaceae
EX 1.5 Café/Coffee/comum Coffea arabica Rubiaceae

EX 1.6 Carambola/Five-star Averrhoa carambola Oxalidaceae
EX 1.61 Capim Santa Cymbopon sp. Poaceae
EX 1.7 Castanhola/Indian almond Terminalia catapa Combretaceae
EX 1.8 Chuveirinho Russelia equisetiformis
EX 1.9 Corn Plant Draceana massangeana Liliaceae
EX 2.0 Croton Codiaeum variegatum Euphorbiaceae
EX 2.1 Cycad Cycas circinalis Cycadaceae
EX 2.2 Ficus Ficus benjimina Moraceae
EX 2.3 Flamboyant Poinciana regia Caesalpiniaceae

Ex 2.4 Fruta pão/Breadfruit Artocarpus communis Moraceae
EX 2.4 Hibiscus Hibiscus sp. Malvaceae
EX 2.5 Imperial Palm Roystonea oleracea Palmae
EX 2.6 Jaca da Bahia/Jackfruit Artocarpus integrifolia Moraceae
EX 2.7 Jambeiro/Roseapple Eugenia malaccensis Myrtaceae
EX 2.8 Laranja (orange) Citrus aurantium Rutaceae
EX 2.9 Manga/Mango Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae

EX 3.0 Mangosteen Garcinia maangostana Clusiaceae

EX 3.2 Mogno/Mahogany Kaya ivorensis
EX 3.1 Tangerine Citrus nobilis Rutaceae

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Native plants classified at Bosque

Native Plants

ID/Common Name/Genus/Specie/Family

NP 1.0 Alamanda/Golden trumpet Allamanda cathartica Bignoniaceae
NP 1.1 Algodão/Cotton tree Gossypium spp. Malvaceae
NP 1.2 Ave-do-paraíso Heliconia psittacorum Musaceae
NP 1.21 Baunilha/Vanilla Vanilla sp. Orchidaceae
NP 1.3 Bougainvillea Bougainvillea sp. Nyctaginaceae
NP 1.4 Cana-de-macaco/Ginger Costus sp. Zingiberaceae
NP 1.41 Cipo-imbê Phillodendrum imbe Schott Araceae
NP 1.5 Club moss Selaginella sp. Selaginellaceae

NP 1.6 Dumb cane Dieffenbachia picta Araceae
NP 1.62 Erva de Passarinho Phoradendron sp Loranthaceae
NP 1.63 Escada de jabuti Bauhinia guyanensis Caesalpiniaceae
NP 1.61 Folha grossa Kalanchoe pinnata Grassuleae
NP 1.7 Ginja Eugenia uniflora Mirtáceae
NP 1.8 Guaraná(Medicinal) Paulina cupana Sapindaceae
NP 1.9 Gurania Gurania sp. Cucurbitaceae
NP 2.0 Heliconia Heliconia pssitacorum Musaceae
NP 2.11 Hibiscus Hibicus rosa-sinensis Malvaceae
NP 2.62 Jambu Spilanthes acmella Asteraceae

NP 2.1 Mandioca/Cassava Manihot esculenta Euphorbiaceae
NP 2.2 Mata gado Psychotria sp. Rubiaceae
NP 2.3 Mata pastagem/Cassia Cassia alata Leguminosae
NP 2.4 Milho de cobra/Tajá de cobra Dracontium asperum Araceae
NP 2.5 Monstera Monstera deliciosa Araceae
NP 2.6 N/A Marcgravia sp. Marcgraviaceae
NP 2.61 Oeceoclades Oeceoclades maculata. Orchidaceae
NP 2.62 Orelhão/Skunk cabbage N/A Araceae
NP 2.7 Passion fruit/Maracujá(Medicinal) Passiflora sp. Passifloraceae
NP 2.8 Pata de vaca(Medicinal) Bauhinia sp. Caesalpiniaceae
NP 2.9 Philodendron Syngonium sp. Araceae
NP 3.0 Pião(Medicinal) Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae
NP 3.1 Pimenta-de-macaco Piper tuberculatum Piperaceae

NP 3.2 Primaveira/Cardinal climber Ipomoea quamoclit Convolvulus
NP 3.3 Quebra Pedra(Medicinal) Phyllanthus niruri Euphorbiaceae
NP 3.4 Sensitive plant Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae

NP 3.5 Taboca gigante (Armarelo) Bamboo Guadua sp. Gramineae
NP 3.6 Taboca gigante (Verde)/Bamboo Bambusa sp. Gramineae
NP 3.60 Tajá/Caladium Caladium bicolor Araceae

NP 3.61 Tajá/Caladium Caladium sp. Araceae

NP 3.62 Tajá de cobra Dracontium sp. Araceae
NP 3.7 Urucu comum(Medicinal) Bixa orellana Bixaceae

Pavâo

My friend, Claúdio Serique, quickly identified the Psygmorchis orchid, which appeared on an earlier post, but he scratched his head on the name of the host shrub, pavão. The word in Portuguese means "peacock" and it's easy to understand the association. I publish the image of the plant and its flowers in hope that he, or someone else, can give me the correct name. My hunch is that there are few people in this world capable of identifying that orchid but there will probably be many who can recognize what I call "pavão".

Wood samples at Bosque

Wood samples at Bosque Santa Lucia:

Abiurana (Pouteria sp.)
Acapú (Vouacapoua americana)
Acariquara (Minquartia guianensis Aubl.)
Amarelão (Apuleia molaris)
Andiroba (Carpa guianensis)
Angelim da Mata (Hymenolobium petraeum)
Angelim Pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum)
Angelim vermelho (Dinizia excelsa)
Aroeira (Astronium fraxinifolium)
Cambará (Erisma uncinatum)
Castanheira (Bertholetia excelsa)
Cedro Branco (Cedrela fissilis)
Cedro Vermelho (Cedrela sp.)
Cedrorana (Cedrelinga catenaeformis)
Coataquiçaua (Peltogyne spp. )
Coração de Negro (Chamecrista negrensis)
Cuiarana (Terminalia guianensis)
Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata)
Cupiúba (Goupia glabra Aubl.)
Faieira (Roupala Montana)
Fava Amargosa (Vatairea sp.)
Fava Arara Tucupi (Parkia multijuga)
Fava Folha Fina (Piptadenia suaveolews)
Fava Sumaúma (Ceiba pentanda)
Fava Tamboril (Enterolobium maximum)
Fava Tapete (Schizolobium amazonicum)
Freijó (Cordia goeldinana)
Gombeira (Swartzia sp.)
Guariúba (Clarisia racemosa)
Gumbeira (Swartzia recurva Poepp. & Endi)
Ingá (Ingá Alba)
Ipê Roxo (Tabebuia heptaphylla)
Ipê Vermelho (Tabebuia sp)
Itaúba (Mezilaurus itauba)
Itaúba Suribim (Mezilaurus sp)
Jacarandá do Pará (Dalbergia spruciana)
Jacareuba (Calophyllum Brasiliense)
Jarana (Holopyxidium jarans)
Jatobá (Hymenae courbaril)
Jatobá Açu (Hymenaea sp.)
Louro Amarelo (Licaria sp.)
Louro Faia (Euplassea pinnata)
Louro Itaúba (Mezilaurus sinandra)
Louro Preto (Ocotea sp.)
Maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi)
Mandioqueira Áspera (Qualea pararensis)
Marupá (Simarouba amara)
Matá Matá (Eschweilera sp.)
Mógno/Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
Molongo (Ambelania acida)
Muiracatiara (Astronium lecontei)
Muirapiranga (Brosimum paraensis)
Pau Amarelo (Euxylophora paraensis)
Pau Brasil (Caesalpinia echinata)
Pau D´Árco (Tabebuia serratifolia)Pau Santo (Zollernia paraensis Huber)
Piquiá (Caryocar villosum)
Pracuuba da Terra Firme (Trichillia lecointei Ducke)
Quaruba (Vochysis maxima)
Quaruba Verdadeira (Vochysis sp.)
Quaruba-Cedro (Vochysia spp.)
Quarubarana / Cambará) (Erisma uncinatum Warm)
Roxinho / Purpleheart (Peltogyne confertiflora)
Sebastião Arruda (Dalbergia Frutescens)
Sucupira (Bowdichia guianensis)Sucupira Preta (Bowdichia virgilioides)
Tachi Pitomba (Sclerolobium chrysophyllum)
Tatajuba (Bagassa guianensis)
Tauarí (Couratari guianensis)
Tauarí Vermelho (Couratari sp.)
Ubaia (Eugenia p.)Uchirana (Vantanea parvifolia)
Ucuúba de Terra Firme (Virola michelii Hechel)
Virola de Terra Firme (Virola duckei)

Palm species at Bosque

Native palms species at Bosque Santa Lucia

ID/Common Name/Genus/Specie/Family

PAL 01 Açaí Euterpe oleracea Palmae

PAL 1 Babaçu Attalea speciosa Palmae

PAL 1.1 Bacaba Oenocarpus distichus Palmae

PAL 1.2 Carnauba Copernicia prunifera Palmae

PAL 2 Coco da Bahia/Coconut Cocos nucifera Palmae

PAL 3 Inajá Attalea maripa Palmae

PAL 3.1 Jacintara Desmoncus sp. Palmae

PAL 4 Marajá da mata Bactris maraja Palmae

PAL 5 Mucajá Acrocomia aculeata Palmae

PAL 6 Mumbaca Astrocaryum gynacanthum Palmae

PAL 7 Piririma Syagrus pseudococos or cocoides Palmae

PAL 8 Pupunha Bactris gasipaes Palmae

PAL 9 Tucumã açu Astrocaryum aculeatum / A. macrocarpum Huber Palmae
PAL 10 Tucumã piranga Astrocaryum vulgare Palmae

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Biodiversity of trees at the Bosque

Index

NT= Native trees
PAL= Native palms
NP= Native plants
EX= Exotic trees, plants and palms

Partial listing of flora to be seen on the trails at Bosque Santa Lúcia

Native Trees

I.D/Common Name/Genus/Specie/Family

NT 1.1 Abiu Pouteria caimito Sapotaceae

NT 2 Abiurana cutiti Pouteria macrophylla Sapotaceae
NT 3 Abiurana frutão Pouteria sp. Sapotaceae

NT 4 Abiurana peluda Ecclinusa sp. Sapotaceae
NT 4.1 Abiurana pitomba Sandwithiodoxa egregia Sapotaceae
NT 4.2 Algaroba Prosopis julifora Mimosaceae
NT 5 Amapá doce Brosimum perinarioides Moraceae
NT 5.1 Apuí/Strangler fig Ficus nymphacaefolia Moraceae
NT 5.2 Andiroba(Medicinal) Carapa guianensis Meliaceae
NT 5.3 Angelim Hymenolobium sp. Leguminoseae
NT 6 Arapari Swartzia sp. Caesalpiniaceae

NT 7 Arapari branco Swartzia sp. Caesalpiniaceae
NT 7.1 Araracanga vermelho Aspidosperm centrale Apocynaceae
NT 8 Achicha Sterculia speciosa Sterculiaceae
NT 9.1 Breu preto Protium sp. Burseraceae
NT 10 Breu sucuruba Trattinickia burseraefolia Burseraceae
NT 11 Cacau comum/Cocoa Theobroma cacao Sterculiaceae
NT11.1 Caju/Cashew Anacardium ocidentale Anacardiaceae
NT 12 Cacaui Theobroma speciosum Sterculiaceae
NT 13 Cacaui quadrado Theobroma atrorubens Sterculiaceae
NT 16 Caférana Faramea sp. Rubiaceae
NT 17 Cambiteiro N/A N/A
NT 18 Capitiu Siparuma sp. Monimiaceae
NT 19 Canela de velho Rinorea cf guianensis Violaceae
NT 20 Caqui Diospyros sp. Ebenaceae
NT 21 Caqui folha miuda Diospyros sp. Ebenaceae
NT 22 Caraipe Licania hypolsuca Chrysobalanaceae
NT 23 Castanha do Pará/Brazil nut Bertholetia excelsa Lecythidaceae
NT 25 Cauaçu Coccoloba latifolia Poligonaceae
NT 25.1 Cedro/Brazilian cedar Cedrela odorata Meliaceae
NT 26 Cinzeiro Terminalia sp. Combretaceae

NT 27 Cocão Poecylanthe effusa Fabaceae
NT 28 Copaíba(Medicinal) Copaifera multifuga Caesalpiniaceae
NT 29 Conario Connarus perrottetii Conaraceae
NT 30 Cuieira/Calabash Crescentia cuiete Bignoniaceae
NT 31 Cumaru folha grande Dipteryx odorate Fabaceae
NT 32 Cupuaçú Theobroma grandiflorum Sterculiaceae
NT 33 Envira bobo Rollinia sp. Annonaceae
NT 34 Envira periquiteira Cochlospermum Cochlospermceae
NT 34.1 Envira preta Duguetia sp. Annonaceae
NT 35 Envira preta lisa Guatteria poeppigiana Annonaceae
NT 36 Envira preta fissurada Onychopetalum amazonicum Annonaceae
NT 37 Envira perta capii Duguetia sp. Annonaceae
NT 38 Fava barbatimão Stryphndendron pulcherrimum Mimosaceae
NT 38.1 Fava folhafina Piptadenia suaveoleas Mimosaceae
NT 39 Fava de besouro Cassia xinguensis Caesalpiniaceae
NT 40 Fava de rosca Enterolobium Mimosaceae
NT 41 Farinha seca Lindackeria sp. Flacourtiaceae
NT 40.1 Fava tamboril Enterolobium maximum Mimosaceae
NT 42.1 Freijó peludo Cordia sp. Boraginaceae
NT 42 Freijó branco Cordia sp. Boraginaceae
NT 43 Genipapo/Jenipapo Genipa americana Rubiaceae
NT 44 Geniparana Gustavia augusta Lecythidaceae
NT 45 Goiaba/Guava Psidium guajava Myrtaceae
NT 46 Goiaberana Eugenia sp. Myrtaceae
NT 47 Goiabinha Myrciaria sp. Myrtaceae
NT 48 Gombeira Swartzia Caesalpiniaceae
NT 49 Gombeira folha grande Swartzia Caesalpiniaceae
NT 50 Guaraná Paullina cupana Sapindaceae
NT 51 Imbaúba/Cecropia Cecropia sp. Moraceae
NT 52 Imbaúbarana Pourouma sp. Moraceae
NT 52.1 Ingá folha grande Inga sp. Mimosaceae
NT 53 Ingácipó Inga edulis Mimosaceae
NT 54 Ingá cumaru Inga alba Mimosaceae
NT 55 Ingárana Inga sp. Mimosaceae
NT 55.1 Ingá fruto seco Inga sp. Mimosaceae
NT 56 Ingá xixica Inga heterophylla Mimosaceae
NT 57 Inhare Helicostyles sp. Moraceae
NT 58 Itaúba pimenta Siparuna sp. Monimiaceae
NT 59 Itaubarana Casearia sylvestre Flacourtiaceae
NT 59.2 Jaboticaba Myrciaria jaboticaba Berg. Myrtaceae
NT 59.1 Jacarandá do Pará Dalbergia spruceana Dalbergíreas
NT 61 Janita Brosimum lactescens Moraceae
NT 62 Jarana Holopyxidium jarans Lecythidaceae
NT 63 Jatoa Guarea sp. Meliaceae
NT 64 Jipio Tabernaeontana sp. Apocynaceae
NT 65.1 Jucá(Medicinal) Caesalpinia ferrea Caesalpiniaceae
NT 66 Jutaí açu = Jatobá Hymenaea courbaril Caesalpiniaceae
NT 67 Jutaí pororoca Dialium guianensis Caesalpiniaceae
NT 68 Lacre grande Vismia sp. Hypericaceae
NT 69 Lacre vermelho Vismia sp. Hypericaceae
NT 71 Limãozinho Zanthoxylum rhoifolia Rutaceae

NT 72 Limorana Chomelia anisomeris Rubiaceae
NT 73 Louro amarelo Licaria sp. Lauraceae
NT 73.1 Louro branco Ocotea sp. Lauraceae
NT 74 Louro da beira Ocotea laxifolia Lauraceae
NT 75 Louro preto Ocotea sp. Lauraceae
NT 76 Macuçu Licania latifolia Chrysobalanaceae
NT 77 Mamão comum/Papaya Caryca papaya Carycaceae
NT 78 Mamorana Bombax sp. Bombacaceae
NT 79 Mamorana grande Bombax globosum Bombacaceae
NT 79.1 Mandioqueira grande Qualea sp. Vochysiaceae
NT 81 Muruci Byrsonima crassifolia Malpighiaceae
NT 82 Mão de gato Perebea sp. Moraceae
NT 83 Marirana Cassia spruceana Caesalpiniaceae
NT 83.1 Matá matá branco Eschweilera sp. Lecythidaceae
NT 84 Matá matá rosa Eschweilera rosea Lecythidaceae
NT 85 Membi Cassia sp. Caesalpiniaceae
NT 86 Moracea folha grande Brosimum sp. Moraeace
NT 87 Mororo Bauhinia macrostachva Caesalpiniaceae
NT 88 Mororo grande Bauhinia sp. Caesalpiniaceae
NT 89 Morototó Didymopanax morototoni Araliaceae
NT 89.1 Muira PuamaMedicinal Ptychopetalum olacoides Olacaceae
NT 90 Muiraçacaca(Medicinal) Croton cajucara Euphorbiaceae
NT 91 Muirapucu Laetia sp. Flacourtiaceae
NT 91.1 Muirataua Apuleia molaris Caesalpiniaceae
NT 92 Muiratinga folha lisa Maquira sp. Moraceae
NT 93 Murta Myrcia sp. Myrtaceae

NT 94 Murupita Sapium sp. Euphorbiaceae
NT 95 Mutamba Guazuma ulmifolia Sterculiacea

NT 96 Mututi Pterocarpus sp. Fabaceae
NT 97 Mututi branco Dussia sp. Erythroxylaceae
NT 97.1 Muuba Belucia sp. Melastomataceae

NT 98 Pajurá Couepia bracteosa Chrysobalanaceae
NT 98.1 Papo de mutum Lucunaria sp. Quiinaceae
NT 99 Parapará Jacaranda copaia Bignoniaceae
NT 100 Paricá Schizolobium sp. Caesalpiniaceae

NT 101 Paricá branco Acacia polyphylla Mimosaceae
NT 102 Pau dÁrco buroja Tabebuia sp. Bignoniaceae
NT 102.1 Pau Brasil/Brazilwood Caesalpinia echinata Leguminosas
NT 103 Pau mulato Calycophyllum spruceanum Rubiaceae

NT 104 Pau de remo Chimarrhia sp. Rubiaceae
NT 104.1 Pau rosa/Rosewood Aniba canelillia rosaeodora Lauraceae
NT 105 Pente de macaco Apeiba macropetala Tiliaceae
NT 106 Piquiá Caryocar villosum Caryocaraceae
NT 107 Pitanga Stenocalyx sp. Myrtaceae

NT 108 Pitoma da mata Toulicia sp. Sapindaceae
NT 109 Pitombarana Toulicia sp. Sapindaceae
NT 109.1 Quina(Medicinal) Quassia amara Simaroubaceae
NT 110 Quinarana Geissospermum sericeum Apocynaceae
NT 110.1 Sapucaia Lecythis pisonis Lecythidaceae
NT 111 Seringa comum/rubber Hevea brasiliensis Euphorbiaceae
NT 112 Sucuuba(Medicinal) Himatanthus sucuba Apocynaceae

NT 113 Sumauma/Ceiba Ceiba pentanda Bombacaceae
NT 113.1 Tachi cauaçu Triplaris sp. Polygonaceae
NT 115 Taquarí Mabea caudata Euphorbiaceae
NT 116 Taperebá/Hogplum Spondias lutea Anacardiaceae
NT 117 Tatajuba Bagassa guianensis Moraceae

NT 118 Tatajuba de espinho Chlorophora tindctoria Moraceae
NT 119 Tatapiririca Tapirira guianensis Anacardiaceae
NT 120 Tauari branco Couratari sp. Lecythidaceae
NT 121 Tinteiro branco Miconia sp. Melastomataceae
NT 121.1 Tinteiro vermelho Miconia sp. Melastomataceae
NT 122 Ucuuba Virola sebifera Myristicaceae

NT 123 Umari gordo Paraqueiba paraensis Icacinaceae
NT 124 Urucu comum Bixia orellana Bicaceae
NT 125 Urucurana Sloanea sp. Elaeocarpaceae

NT 126 Urtigão = Cansanção Jatropha urens Euphorbiaceae

NT 126.1 Visgueiro Parkia gigantocarpa Leguminosa
NT 127 Xixua = Chichue Maytensus sp. Celastraceae

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Bosque walking tour

Bosque Santa Lucia is an excellent choice for seeing biodiversity of Amazonian flora. This tour leaves from your hotel or other points in the city, per arrangement. Duration of the excursion is 3-4 hours. We will pick up the Santarem-Cuiaba Highway on the other side of town and travel up to the plateau at an elevation of 158 meters (518 feet) and then enter a secondary dirt road that will take us to Bosque Santa Lucia. Some slash and burn agriculture and more recent mechanized practices can be observed on this stretch of road.

At Bosque Santa Lucia your guide will choose one of the many trails in the forest for that nature walk (easy walking) you have wanted to take since arriving in the Amazon. More than 400 different species of native trees are found in the forest, some examples of which have been identified for your convenience. Bosque Santa Lucia provides most of the characteristics noted throughout the more distant, inacessible primary forest, that is, widely diversified species of trees and plants making use of nutrient-poor soils. Discover for yourself the secrets of how they manage.